Growth Rate of Staghorn Coral (Acropora) on Coral Garden Program at Sempu Nature Reserve Malang

Oktiyas Muzaky Luthfi, Novita Nurmalasari, Alfan Jauhari

Abstract


Live coral cover at Sempu Nature Reserve was decrease from 50% in 2006 to 36% in 2013. Adverse human activities such as: over-fishing, recreational activities, waste disposal, deforestation, reef mining and deforestation were suggested to be main factors for declining coral reef at this area. Restoration is defined as the act of returning an ecosystem, as nearly as possible, to its original condition. Coral on Sendang Biru laid on northern area of Sempu Island. Coral garden was establish in the end of 2013. Aim of this research was to know the growth (wide, number of branches, growth rate) of staghorn coral that was transplanted on steel frame at coral garden in different depth. Staghorn coral were tied on doom shaped steel in 6 m depth. The result showed that the average of increasing staghorn coral's area was 56. 91 cm2, number of branch increase was 55 and growth rate was 5.23 cm2/month respectively. Increase of depth will influence to decrease of sunlight intensity in water will be affected on calcification rate of coral. GR of staghorn coral in Sempu was higher than other area.


Keywords


coral garden; Sendang Biru; Sempu Island; Acropora; staghorn coral

Full Text:

PDF

References


Allison, N., and Finch, A. A. (2004). High‐resolution Sr/Ca records in modern Poriteslobata corals: Effects of skeletal extension rate and architecture. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 5 (5).

Dai, C. F., andHorng, S. (2009). Scleractinia Fauna of Taiwan: Complex group (Vol. 1). 國立臺灣大學出版中心.

Fine, M., and Tchernov, D. (2007). Scleractinian coral species survive and recover from decalcification. Science, 315 (5820), 1811-1811.

Gladfelter, E. H. 1983. Circulation of fluids in the gastrovascular system of the reef coral Acroporacervicornis. Biological Bulletin 165: 619–636

Guest, J. R., Dizon, R. M., Edwards, A. J., Franco, C., & Gomez, E. D. (2011). How Quickly do Fragments of Coral “Self‐Attach” after Transplantation?. Restoration Ecology, 19 (2), 234-242.

Harriott, V. J., & Fisk, D. A. (1988). Coral transplantation as a reef management option. In Proc 6th int coral Reef Symp (Vol. 2, pp. 375-379). Chicago.

Hartini, S., and Takaku, G. (2012). Macrochelid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macrochelidae) in Sempu Island, East Java, Indonesia. Journal of the Acarological Society of Japan, 21 (1).

Kamalikasari, L. 2012. Pengaruh Adaptasi Fragmen Karang Keras berpolip Besar Jenis Blastomussawellsi pada Kedalaman Berbeda di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu.

Luthfi, O. M., Naradiarga, L danJauhari, A. (2014). Gangguan Kesehatan Karang di Wilayah Perairan Cagar Alam Sempu, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur Prosiding PIT XI ISOI 2014, 1 (1).

Manzello, D. P., Kleypas, J. A., Budd, D. A., Eakin, C. M., Glynn, P. W., & Langdon, C. (2008). Poorly cemented coral reefs of the eastern tropical Pacific: Possible insights into reef development in a high-CO2 world. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105 (30), 10450-10455.

Mondal, T. (2010). New record of Nine Scleractinian corals from Rutland Island, Andaman. IJBS, 3 (155).

Norström, A. V., Nyström, M., Lokrantz, J., & Folke, C. (2009). Alternative states on coral reefs: beyond coral-macroalgal phase shifts. Mar EcolProgSer, 376, 295-306.

Nothdurft, L. D., and Webb, G. E., 2007. Microstructure of common reef-building coral genera Acropora, Pocillopora, Goniastrea and Porites: constraints on spatial resolution in geochemical sampling. Facies, 53,1–26.

Nybakken, J. W. 1992. Biologi Laut: Suatu Pendekatan Ekologis. Terjemahan. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta.

Renegar, D. A., & Riegl, B. M. (2005). Effect of nutrient enrichment and elevated CO2 partial pressure on growth rate of Atlantic scleractinian coral Acroporacervicornis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 293, 69-76.

Sakai, K. (1998). Delayed maturation in the colonial coral Goniastreaaspera (Scleractinia): whole-colony mortality, colony growth and polyp egg production. Researches on population ecology, 40 (3), 287-292.

Soong, K., & Chen, T. A. (2003). Coral transplantation: regeneration and growth of Acropora fragments in a nursery. Restoration Ecology, 11 (1), 62-71.

Supriharyono. 2000. Pengelolaan Ekosistem Terumbu Karang. Penerbit Djambatan. Jakarta. 108 hal.

Veron, J. E. N. (2000). Corals of the World, vol. 1–3. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.rjls.2016.002.03.2

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.